'Each scientific research paper is a package of ideas which, when it nestles down in the pre-existing network of ideas,
triggers some larger or smaller rearrangements.'
—Mark Buchanan , Ubiquity (2000)
Effects of smoking on survival from age 35 years in males:
British Doctors' Study, 1951-2001
Comment: Lifelong smoking cuts life expectancy by 10 years. (In other findings from this study,
quitting smoking in early middle age restores most of that loss.)
Source: These findings come from the British Doctors' Study, which recruited 34,000 male doctors in 1951, then
observed their lifestyles and health for another 50 years.
Citation: Doll R, Peto R, Boreham, J, Sutherland I. Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on
male British doctors.
BMJ 2004;328:1519-33. [doi:10.1136/bmj.38142.554479.AE]
Comment: Lifelong smoking cuts life expectancy by 10 years. (In other findings from this study, quitting smoking in early middle age restores most of that loss.)
Source: These findings come from the British Doctors' Study, which recruited 34,000 male doctors in 1951, then observed their lifestyles and health for another 50 years.
Citation: Doll R, Peto R, Boreham, J, Sutherland I. Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors. BMJ 2004;328:1519-33. [doi:10.1136/bmj.38142.554479.AE]