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'…the highest returns can be reaped by imagination in combination with a logical and critical mind,
a spice of ingenuity coupled with an eye for the simple and humdrum, and width of vision in the pursuit of facts that is
allied with an attention to detail that is almost nauseating.'
—Austin Bradford Hill on John Snow: the Cutter Lecture, New England Journal of Medicine (1953)
Mortality trends for infectious disease:
age 35-49 years, United States
Legend: Any faint vertical lines which may be visible in the main plotting area indicate years in which the country changed its coding of causes of death to a
new version of the International Classification of Diseases.
Method: Mortality rates were calculated using data from the World Health Organization and the
United Nations Population Division,
then standardised for age (by taking unweighted averages of component rates) and smoothed (as weighted 3-year moving averages). For details, see the Info page.
Caution: Trends can reflect not only changes in disease occurrence or treatment, but also changes in how a cause of death is
defined or coded. (The same factors can also account for differences in mortality rates between different countries.) Those due to changes in definition or
coding are artefacts, and may be indicated here by dotted (or thin) lines.
But, many artefactual trends have no such indication.
Legend: Any faint vertical lines which may be visible in the main plotting area indicate years in which the country changed its coding of causes of death to a new version of the International Classification of Diseases.
Method: Mortality rates were calculated using data from the World Health Organization and the United Nations Population Division, then standardised for age (by taking unweighted averages of component rates) and smoothed (as weighted 3-year moving averages). For details, see the Info page.
Caution: Trends can reflect not only changes in disease occurrence or treatment, but also changes in how a cause of death is defined or coded. (The same factors can also account for differences in mortality rates between different countries.) Those due to changes in definition or coding are artefacts, and may be indicated here by dotted (or thin) lines. But, many artefactual trends have no such indication.